Signs You Have Acid Reflux

Acid reflux occurs when the stomach contents move up into the oesophagus and throat. If the acid reflux happens two or more times a week for several weeks, it is diagnosed as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).  

Usually, the underlying cause of GORD is a weakened muscle between the stomach and oesophagus, which allows for the backflow of acid. This might be exacerbated by certain foods (spicy or fatty), smoking and alcohol, pregnancy, and other medical conditions leading to repeated acid attacks.  

If left untreated, GORD can permanently damage the oesophagus, throat, and even your teeth. Understanding the symptoms of GORD is, therefore, crucial to diagnosing and treating the condition early.  

Acid Reflux Symptoms and Signs 

We often think of acid reflux as a symptom. It’s not. It simply refers to any movement of acid above the stomach. The symptoms occur as a result of the damage to these upper chest and throat structures. Some people with “silent acid reflux” may not experience any symptoms; however, most people experience at least 1 or 2 mild to moderate symptoms.  

Common GORD symptoms include: 

1. Heartburn

2. Regurgitation

3. Difficulty Swallowing

4. Hoarseness

5. Coughing

6. Sore Throat

7. Other GORD Symptoms

Heartburn 

Heartburn is the most common acid reflux symptom. It is described as a burning feeling either in the middle of the chest, behind the breastbone, or in the lower part of the chest. The sensation might start lower down and rise up towards the breastbone and throat.  

The symptom is caused by acid irritating and inflaming the oesophageal lining. It’s often confused with a heart attack due to the similar location. However, heartburn usually occurs following a large meal (especially if it contains trigger foods) or lying down.  

An episode of heartburn can last anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours. The severity of heartburn ranges from mild to severe, depending on the nature of the acid attack.  

Regurgitation 

Regurgitation specifically refers to the presence of stomach contents in the mouth. It commonly occurs during acid attacks. While people may notice food in their mouth, there’s often a sour or bitter taste from the acid.  

The acid can damage the tooth enamel and gums, increasing sensitivity to hot, cold, and sweet foods. If left untreated, it can even cause gum recession and cavities.  

People describe regurgitation as “spitting it up.” The symptom is more common in infants due to their smaller oesophagus but it can still occur in adults.  

Difficulty Swallowing 

Difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia, is the feeling of food being stuck in your throat. It occurs because the acid has irritated the lining of the throat. However, it can indicate complications of acid reflux if the condition has been present for a long time. 

Oesophageal strictures involve a narrowing of the oesophagus due to repeated inflammation, causing scarring of the internal lining. This narrowing prevents the normal swallowing mechanism, giving the sensation of dysphagia. Often, people with the condition regurgitate their food.  

Hoarseness 

Hoarseness often arises as a symptom of GORD due to acid reflux reaching the throat, which irritates the vocal cords. Frequent exposure to stomach acid can lead to chronic laryngitis, altering voice quality and causing discomfort.  

This symptom is particularly noticeable in the morning or after a meal. Identifying and managing hoarseness early can prevent more severe damage to the voice box and throat tissues, highlighting the importance of recognizing and treating GORD symptoms promptly. 

Coughing 

Similar to hoarseness, coughing is caused by acid irritating the throat. Just as people cough repeatedly with a sore throat, an irritated larynx can cause coughing too. It’s often one of the symptoms people notice after heartburn.  

Sore Throat 

Stomach acid can enter the throat and irritate the lining. Like a viral infection, this inflammation leads to pain and discomfort in the throat, especially when swallowing. The sore throat will not resolve within a few days if the acid attacks continue, differentiating it from infectious causes.  

Other GORD Symptoms 

Not everyone with GORD experiences heartburn or regurgitation. As mentioned, some people have silent reflux and notice no symptoms until repeated acid attacks permanently damage the oesophagus and throat.  

• Nausea: Feeling queasy, especially after eating.

• Dental Erosion and Cavities: Acid contact causes tooth decay and enamel damage.

• Bad Breath: Persistent foul odor due to regurgitated stomach contents.

• Gum Inflammation and Recession: Acid irritation leading to gum problems.

• Excessive Salivation: Increased saliva production in response to acid. 

Eventually, if the acid attacks continue, the lining of the oesophagus begins to change, appearing more like the intestines. This is known as Barrett’s oesophagus – a precancerous condition. Oesophageal cancer can follow and is a serious cause for concern. Lookout for these symptoms: 

• Unexplained weight loss

• Vomit with blood or the appearance of coffee grounds

• Black, tarry stools

• Persistent vomiting

• Chest pain

• Reduced appetite

• Painful swallowing 

If you notice any of these symptoms, speak to your doctor urgently. The earlier the cancer is diagnosed, the better your prognosis and outcome.  

Testing for Acid Reflux 

Suspect you’ve got acid reflux? If any of the acid reflux symptoms and signs look familiar, it’s sensible to get tested to confirm the diagnosis. The Functional Gut Clinic provides high-quality acid reflux testing and guidance on interpreting the results. We recommend a 24-hour reflux test to detect the presence of acid in the oesophagus – this is diagnostic.  

Based on the results, we’ll advise you on the next step in your treatment. You can also take your results to your GP, who can prescribe the necessary medication. Remember, an early diagnosis of acid reflux is crucial to help prevent the risk of complications.  

Take care of your health. Contact us today to learn more about our testing options.