GERD and Acid Reflux

Struggling with reflux? This is your comprehensive guide.

If you’re experiencing persistent heartburn or other symptoms of acid reflux, you might wonder if you have GERD. This article provides an overview of GERD, including symptoms, causes, treatment options, and the importance of accurate testing to help you take control of your digestive health.

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What is reflux (or GERD)?

GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a common condition that affects the digestive system. It happens when stomach acid frequently moves back into the oesophagus, the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. This acid reflux can irritate the oesophagus and, if not treated, may cause problems like inflammation (oesophagitis) or, in rare cases, more serious issues like oesophageal cancer.

It’s important to understand GERD so that you can manage symptoms and protect your health. While occasional acid reflux is normal, frequent or severe episodes should be investigated further to prevent long-term complications.

What are the common symptoms of GERD?

GERD presents with a range of symptoms, some of which may overlap with other conditions. The most recognisable symptom is persistent heartburn, but there are several other signs to watch out for:

Persistent heartburn, especially after eating
Regurgitation of sour liquid or undigested food
A sensation of a lump in the throat
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Chest pain or discomfort
Chronic cough or hoarseness

If you experience any of these symptoms regularly, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

What causes reflux (GERD)?

GERD occurs when the lower oesophageal sphincter —a ring of muscle that closes off the oesophagus from the stomach—fails to function properly. A weakened or relaxed sphincter allows stomach acid to flow back into the oesophagus, causing irritation.

Several factors can contribute to this malfunction, making some people more susceptible to GERD than others. Understanding these causes can help you identify and address potential risk factors.

Obesity or excess weight
Smoking
Pregnancy
Hiatal hernia
Certain medications (e.g., calcium channel blockers, antihistamines)

If you identify with any of these risk factors, making lifestyle changes or discussing them with your doctor could help reduce the likelihood of developing GERD or worsening existing symptoms.

Diagnosing reflux

While recognising symptoms and avoiding triggers is important, accurate testing is the key to effective management. GERD symptoms can mimic those of other conditions, such as peptic ulcers or eosinophilic oesophagitis, so proper testing ensures the right diagnosis and treatment.

Why Testing Matters

Clarity: Testing confirms GERD and rules out other possible conditions.

Targeted Treatment: Results help tailor the most effective treatment plan for your specific needs.

Prevention of Complications: Early diagnosis helps prevent long-term issues, such as Barrett’s oesophagus or oesophageal cancer.

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Oesophageal Manometry test

At the Functional Gut Clinic, we offer advanced diagnostic tests designed to provide clarity and accurate results. Our modern technology allows you to better understand the root cause of your symptoms and receive a treatment plan tailored to your needs. Whether through a consultant referral or self-referral, our services make it easy to take control of your digestive health.

Find out more and book your test

GERD and acid reflux are manageable conditions when diagnosed and treated appropriately. If you’re experiencing persistent symptoms, consider advanced testing through The Functional Gut Clinic. Speak to your consultant about a referral or self-refer to take the first step toward better digestive health.

GERD vs. Acid Reflux: What’s the Difference?

Many people confuse GERD with acid reflux, but they are not the same. Acid reflux refers to the occasional backflow of stomach acid into the oesophagus, often triggered by certain foods, drinks, or lifestyle choices. GERD, on the other hand, is a chronic condition in which acid reflux occurs frequently, often multiple times a week, disrupting daily life and potentially damaging the oesophagus.

Recognising the difference is crucial, as managing occasional acid reflux may only require minor lifestyle changes, whereas GERD usually needs a combination of medical intervention and lifestyle adjustments.2 GERD is also sometimes called GORD, especially in British English.

Triggers for GERD and Acid Reflux

GERD symptoms can often be exacerbated by specific foods, drinks, or behaviours. Identifying your personal triggers can play a vital role in managing your condition. While triggers vary from person to person, there are some common culprits that many individuals with GERD shSub-Headlineould watch out for.

Common Food Triggers

Spicy foods
Fatty or fried foods
Citrus fruits
Tomatoes
Chocolate
Caffeine and alcohol

Lifestyle Triggers

Lifestyle factors can also contribute to GERD symptoms. Modifying these behaviours can reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms:

Eating large meals
Lying down after eating
Wearing tight clothing around the abdomen

By keeping a food and symptom diary, you can identify specific triggers and work on avoiding or minimising them.

Treatment Options for GERD and Acid Reflux

Managing GERD often requires a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Treatment plans vary depending on the severity of the condition and individual triggers.

Lifestyle Changes

Adjusting certain habits can significantly reduce GERD symptoms:

Maintain a healthy weight.
Avoid lying down for 2-3 hours after meals.
Elevate the head of your bed by 6-8 inches.
Quit smoking.

Medications

Medications are often prescribed to manage GERD and minimise damage to the oesophagus:

Antacids: Neutralise stomach acid for quick relief.
H2 Blockers: Reduce acid production.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Provide long-term acid suppression.

Surgical Options

For individuals with severe GERD that does not respond to medication or lifestyle changes, surgery may be considered:

Fundoplication: Strengthens the lower oesophageal sphincter by wrapping the stomach's upper part around it.
LINX Device: A ring of magnetic beads placed around the lower oesophageal sphincter to prevent reflux.

FAQs About GERD and Acid Reflux

Can GERD be prevented?

Yes, GERD can be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding triggers, and addressing risk factors early.

Can I live a normal life with GERD?

Absolutely. With proper treatment and management, most people with GERD can live symptom-free.

Is GERD a serious problem?

If untreated, GERD can lead to complications such as esophagitis, strictures, Barrett’s oesophagus, or oesophageal cancer.

Can GERD heal on its own?

While mild acid reflux might improve with lifestyle changes, chronic GERD usually requires medical intervention.

How can I know if I have acid reflux?

Symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation are telltale signs. Proper testing can confirm the diagnosis.

What food triggers acid reflux?

Common triggers include spicy, fatty, and acidic foods, as well as caffeine and alcohol.

How do you determine if you have acid reflux?

A medical evaluation, often including tests like pH monitoring or endoscopy, can confirm the diagnosis.

Can you self-diagnose acid reflux?

While symptoms can indicate acid reflux, self-diagnosis is not reliable. Accurate testing is essential for effective treatment.

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