GERD and Acid Reflux
Struggling with reflux? This is your comprehensive guide.
If you’re experiencing persistent heartburn or other symptoms of acid reflux, you might wonder if you have GERD. This article provides an overview of GERD, including symptoms, causes, treatment options, and the importance of accurate testing to help you take control of your digestive health.
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What is reflux (or GERD)?
GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a common condition that affects the digestive system. It happens when stomach acid frequently moves back into the oesophagus, the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. This acid reflux can irritate the oesophagus and, if not treated, may cause problems like inflammation (oesophagitis) or, in rare cases, more serious issues like oesophageal cancer.
It’s important to understand GERD so that you can manage symptoms and protect your health. While occasional acid reflux is normal, frequent or severe episodes should be investigated further to prevent long-term complications.
What are the common symptoms of GERD?
GERD presents with a range of symptoms, some of which may overlap with other conditions. The most recognisable symptom is persistent heartburn, but there are several other signs to watch out for:
Persistent heartburn, especially after eating
Regurgitation of sour liquid or undigested food
A sensation of a lump in the throat
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Chest pain or discomfort
Chronic cough or hoarseness
If you experience any of these symptoms regularly, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
What causes reflux (GERD)?
GERD occurs when the lower oesophageal sphincter —a ring of muscle that closes off the oesophagus from the stomach—fails to function properly. A weakened or relaxed sphincter allows stomach acid to flow back into the oesophagus, causing irritation.
Several factors can contribute to this malfunction, making some people more susceptible to GERD than others. Understanding these causes can help you identify and address potential risk factors.
Obesity or excess weight
Smoking
Pregnancy
Hiatal hernia
Certain medications (e.g., calcium channel blockers, antihistamines)
If you identify with any of these risk factors, making lifestyle changes or discussing them with your doctor could help reduce the likelihood of developing GERD or worsening existing symptoms.
Diagnosing reflux
While recognising symptoms and avoiding triggers is important, accurate testing is the key to effective management. GERD symptoms can mimic those of other conditions, such as peptic ulcers or eosinophilic oesophagitis, so proper testing ensures the right diagnosis and treatment.
Why Testing Matters
Clarity: Testing confirms GERD and rules out other possible conditions.
Targeted Treatment: Results help tailor the most effective treatment plan for your specific needs.
Prevention of Complications: Early diagnosis helps prevent long-term issues, such as Barrett’s oesophagus or oesophageal cancer.
24-hour Reflux testing
Oesophageal Manometry test
At the Functional Gut Clinic, we offer advanced diagnostic tests designed to provide clarity and accurate results. Our modern technology allows you to better understand the root cause of your symptoms and receive a treatment plan tailored to your needs. Whether through a consultant referral or self-referral, our services make it easy to take control of your digestive health.
GERD and acid reflux are manageable conditions when diagnosed and treated appropriately. If you’re experiencing persistent symptoms, consider advanced testing through The Functional Gut Clinic. Speak to your consultant about a referral or self-refer to take the first step toward better digestive health.
Learn more about reflux
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What is Silent Acid Reflux?
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Are you experiencing any other symptoms
Symptoms are often closely connected. Find out more below.
Bloating
Feeling uncomfortably full and tight, excess belching/breaking wind, abdominal pain or gurgling
Constipation
Difficulty going to the toilet, unusual stools, often with stomach ache or intestinal cramps, bloating, nausea or appetite loss
Heartburn
A burning pain in your chest, just behind your breastbone.
The pain is often worse after eating...
Regurgitation
Bringing food or drink back up, difficulty swallowing, feeling that food or drink is stuck in your throat, horrible taste in your mouth
Diarrhoea
Loose or explosive stools, can’t get to a toilet in time
Swallowing Issues
Dysphagia - difficulty swallowing, feeling that food or drink is stuck in your throat, horrible taste in your mouth
Abdominal Pain
Cramps; sharp or dull pain, Bloating, Excessive belching, Nausea or vomiting
Faecal Incontinence
Stools leak unexpectedly, Can’t get to a toilet in time
IBS
Abdominal pain or cramping, bloating, changes in bowel habits and urgency, gas
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